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  Alessandro13   In the summer of 1950, while working in Los Alamos, New Mexico, Enrico Fermi found himself overhearing a conversation in the laboratory cafeteria about a recent UFO sighting reported in the press. Talking to some colleagues, Fermi wondered how one could determine whether extraterrestrials exist. What were the odds? After evaluating the number of stars in the Universe, the number of planets around them with liquid water, and the evolution of some semblance of human life, the Italian physicist asked whether there might be a civilization capable of communicating with Earth or even colonizing it. If so, he asked rhetorically: "Where are all these extraterrestrials?" ("Where is everybody?"). Leo Szilárd promptly responded: "Enrico, they are already among us. We call them Hungarians." He was referring to the almost simultaneous presence on Earth of geniuses such as Edward Teller, John von Neumann, Eugene Wigner, and, of course, himself. https://...

   Why was the Macedonian phalanx so effective in Alexander's time and so vulnerable against the Romans? Eric Wang  ·  The Macedonian phalanx wasn’t that vulnerable against the Romans. In fact, the Romans were not well-equipped to face the Macedonian phalanx in a fair, full-frontal fight. Macedon The Macedonian phalanx was so strong because it was an improvement on the already impressive Greek phalanx, which had performed well against lighter-armed armies like the Persians. The innovations of the Macedonian army, while they were exploited to their fullest extent by Alexander the Great, were put into place a generation earlier by Alexander’s father, Philip II. Bust of Philip II of Macedon Philip was a great innovator and wanted to raise Macedonia from a backwater regional power to hegemon of all Greece. In pursuit of this goal, he instituted several decisive reforms to Macedonian armies that made them superior to any army in Greece. First, he changed the meta by great...