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In the West, he is most often depicted as the antagonist – if a noble and revered one – to the crusader king, Richard the Lionheart. From the other perspective, though, Saladin was a cultured sultan, a mighty leader and a Muslim hero. Emily Briffett, speaking to Jonathan Phillips on the  HistoryExtra  podcast, charts his rapid rise to dizzying heights of power and prestige Emily Briffett Published: February 28, 2025 at 10:19 AM Who was Saladin? A Sunni Muslim of Kurdish descent, Saladin was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty (which ruled over modern-day Egypt and parts of Iraq, Syria, Palestine and Yemen) and was the first man at the time of the crusades to be sultan of both Egypt and Syria. Leading a confederation of territories, he inspired the Muslim military effort against the crusader states. In 1187, Saladin both defeated crusader forces at the battle of Hattin and captured Jerusalem after nearly nine decades of the holy city being in the hands of the Franks. He then rep...

  What were the landmark sieges of the First Crusade? Who went on this long and arduous journey? And what caused Pope Urban II to spark the idea of crusading in the minds of western Europe? We answer your top questions surrounding the armed pilgrimage that kickstarted years of military campaigns to the Holy Land and beyond… Emily Briffett Published: October 13, 2023 at 11:09 AM When was the First Crusade? The First Crusade was launched on 27 November 1095, and culminated in the siege of Jerusalem in June to July 1099 and the subsequent battle of Ascalon in August that year. However, most of the major events of the First Crusade took place after the agreed departure date: 15 August 1096. Who called for the First Crusade? Pope Urban II first sparked the idea of crusading when he issued a landmark call at the Council of Clermont on 27 November 1095, commanding the Christian warriors of western Europe to take up arms against perceived enemies in the east, in order to reclaim the Holy L...