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  ~ 413  BC D ESTRUCTION   OF   THE  A THENIAN   ARMY   AT  S YRACUSE Gylippus was a Spartan general of the 5th century  B . C . He was the son of Cleandridas, who had been expelled from Sparta for accepting Athenian bribes (446  B . C .) and had settled at Thurii. His mother was probably a helot, for Gylippus is said to have been, like Lysander and Callicratidas, a mothax (see Helot). When Alcibiades urged the Spartans to send a general to lead the Syracusan resistance against the Athenian expedition, Gylippus was appointed, and his arrival was undoubtedly the turning point of the struggle(414-413). Though at first his long hair, his threadbare cloak and his staff furnished the subject of many a jest, and his harsh and overbearing manner caused grave discontent, yet the rapidity and decisiveness of his movements, won the sympathy and respect of the Syracusans. Diodorus probably following Timaeus, represents him as inducing the Syra...

  June 6, 2025 Daniel Warner Photo by  Brad Ritson Having failed to stop the horrific violations of international law by Israel in Gaza and the West Bank, international law will try a new approach to stop the scourges of war. A just approved special tribunal will charge Russian leaders responsible for the invasion of Ukraine with the crime of aggression. Whereas defendants have been tried for war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide, this will be the first time a tribunal will prosecute individuals for the crime of aggression, “the mother of all crimes.” The Council of Europe (CoE), an international organization that seeks to protect   human rights and democracy, on May 14 approved the creation of a special tribunal to prosecute Russia’s top leaders for the crime of aggression against Ukraine. A special tribunal was needed because Russia is not party to the International Criminal Court’s (ICC’s) Statute to deal with aggression. There have been other special t...