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Matt Riggsby  · Depends on what you mean by Greece. There was certainly a geographical region which was called Greece or the equivalent in various languages. Greece, as a place, was a thing people talked about and could point to on a map. There was also a Greek nation, in the sense of a people. Again, what they were called depended on what language you spoke, but certainly in antiquity there was a strong sense of people thinking they were Greeks/Hellenes based on language and association with certain items of culture like the Olympic games. This sense of nationhood declined somewhat during the Middle Ages (people in Greece identified themselves first and foremost as Romans but also understood that, secondarily, they might be distinguished from other Romans by language), but it never entirely went away. Greece as a nation-state, of course, did not. There weren’t nation-states at the time. That was a development of the modern world. Greece as the nation-state is the modern world’s ma...

  Philosophy Western thought owes much to ancient Greek philosophers, such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Here are eleven Greek philosophers you should know. Updated: Feb 20, 2025 written by  Edd Hodsdon,   BA Professional Writing, member Canterbury Archaeological Trust Like Share Cite   While great thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle may belong to the ancient world, they still influence our understanding of the world today. These great Greek philosophers began to use reason and logic to try and unravel the workings of the cosmos. They also explored the intricacies of human morality. But who were these philosophical fathers? And what were their key ideas? From presocratics like Thales of Miletus to Plato and Aristotle, we’ll discuss the famous thinkers of ancient Greek philosophy who have guided Western philosophy, science, and culture for thousands of years. We’ll also explore the three main schools of Hellenistic philosophy and the founders tha...